Ultrafast photodoping and effective Fermi-Dirac distribution of the Dirac particles in Bi2Se3

Partitions and the Fermi-Dirac Distribution

For systems of electrons that can exchange energy and particles with a large medium, the celebrated Fermi Dirac (FD) distribution provides the probability for an electron to occupy a given energy level after the total energy of the system has been increased. This powerful tool derives from the laws of statistical mechanics (see, e.g., Landau and Lifchitz [3]). But this result does not apply to ...

Fermi-Dirac Statistics

Fermi-Dirac statistics are one of two kinds of statistics exhibited by!identical quantum particles, the other being !Bose-Einstein statistics. Such particles are called fermions and bosons respectively (the terminology is due to Dirac [1902-1984] [1]). In the light of the !spin-statistics theorem, and consistent with observation, fermions are invariably spinors (of half-integral spin), whilst b...

1926 Enrico Fermi discovers the spin - statistics connection 1926 Paul Dirac introduces Fermi - Dirac

-260 Archimedes mathematically works out the principle of the lever and discovers the principle of buoyancy 60 Hero of Alexandria writes Metrica, Mechanics, and Pneumatics 1490 Leonardo da Vinci describes capillary action 1581 Galileo Galilei notices the timekeeping property of the pendulum 1589 Galileo Galilei uses balls rolling on inclined planes to show that di erent weights fall with the sa...

Dipole Moments in Thomas-Fermi-Dirac and Thomas-Fermi Theories

Dirac Particles in Twisted Tubes

We consider the dynamics of a relativistic Dirac particle constrained to move in the interior of a twisted tube by confining boundary conditions, in the approximation that the curvature of the tube is small and slowly varying. In contrast with the nonrelativistic theory, which predicts that a particle's spin does not change as the particle propagates along the tube, we find that the angular mom...